Soybean is one of the oldest production crops that has a high place of significant oil and protein crop. It has a known nutritional value and can be used as a meat substitute due to its quality proteins. Pest attacks can occur during soybean cultivation resulting in a reduction in grain quality and quantity. In the ground fauna of soybeans, in addition to pests, there are also beneficial fauna, various predators, parasites and parasitoids that can affect the number of harmful fauna. It is the number of these useful members that gives a picture of the biodiversity of a particular agroecosystem and they are indicators of anthropogenic impact on the soil. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of different pre-sowing operations on the abundance and composition of the ground fauna in soybean cultivation. The research was conducted in 2019 in Šašinovac area on six locations with six different variants of pre-sowing activities (sowing of cover plants, mulching, ploughing, application of glyphosate, undermining and conventional processing). Ground fauna collection was carried out in three terms (April, June, September) using pitfall traps. The collected samples were subjected to determination. After determining the abundance and composition of ground fauna, their coenological characteristics, dominance and frequency were determined, and a statistical analysis between variants in all sampling terms was performed. During the research, 7836 individuals of ground soybean fauna were collected. The most numerous were members of the class Insecta with a share of 55.81% in which the most numerous was the family Carabidae with 1622 individuals, followed by the class Arachnida with a share of 39.70%. Members of the class Malacostraca with a share of 3.19%, Diplopoda with a share of 1%, Chilopoda with a share of 0.13% and Gastropoda with a share of 0.13% are also present. During April, the highest number of collected fauna was found with a share of 87.26% and most individuals of the fauna were found in the variants where glyphosate was applied and where mulching was carried out, while the least individuals of the fauna were found in the variant where cover plants were sown. During June, up to 10 times lower catches of ground fauna were determined, and significantly the highest catches were found in the field where pre-sowing ploughing was carried out, while the lowest catches were found in fields where pre-sowing mulching, glyphosate treatment and standard treatment of producers were carried out. During September, catches were even lower and no statistically justified differences between the investigated variants were found. The composition of ground fauna consisted of 6601 members of beneficial fauna (84.2%), 603 members of harmful fauna (7.7%) and 632 members of indifferent fauna (8.1%). Mechanical pre-sowing operations in the soil negatively affected the abundance of ground soybean fauna, while pre-sowing operations that did not involve contact with the soil did not affect the abundance of ground soybean fauna.