| Abstract | Delta rijeke Neretve s gotovo monokulturnim nasadima mandarine unshiu (Citrus unshiu
Marc.) je jedno od tri najsjevernija nasada u svijetu na kojem se komercijalno uzgajaju
agrumi. Poznato je da je za normalan razvoj pčelinje zajednice potrebno osigurati dodatne
količine peludi, međutim određene vrste agruma, a u koje spada mandarina unshiu imaju
sterilne prašnike. Kako do sada u Hrvatskoj još nisu provedena istraživanja vezana za
utvrđivanje botaničkog podrijetla peludnog tereta, stoga bi ono predstavljalo važan doprinos u
utvrđivanju biljnih vrsta koje pčele pohađaju za vrijeme paše mandarine. Istraživanje je bilo
provedeno tijekom paše mandarine unshiu u dolini Neretve na pčelinjoj zajednici sive pčele
(Apis mellifera carnica Poll., 1879). Pelud je prikupljana vanjskim skupljačem dva puta
dnevno i to u jutarnjim (8:00-13:00) i popodnevnim (13:00-18:00) satima tijekom 2014. i
2015. godine te jednom dnevno 2016. godine. U 2014. godini najveći udio peludnog tereta
tijekom jutarnjih sati, odnosio se na dvogodišnji dimak (100,00 %), dok je u
poslijepodnevnim satima prevladavao peludni teret klupčastog rošca (0,55 - 73,99 %),
vlasnatog bušina (53,00 %) i česmine (19,35 – 48,52 %). U 2015. godini najveći se udio
peludnog tereta tijekom jutarnjih sati odnosio na naranču (81,19 %), grejp (13,51 %) i pelud
česmine (4,92% ), dok je u popodnevnim satima također najveći udio imao peludni teret
naranče (99,62 %). U 2016. godini na lokaciji Ušće prevladavao je peludni teret naranče
(33,54 – 71,81 %) , česmine (3,28 – 53,33 %) i grejpa (2,64 – 76,30 %), dok je na lokaciji
Buk-Vlaka prevladavao peludni teret naranče (35,36 – 99,01 %), pastirske torbice (0,61 –
53,24 %) i klementine (0,60 – 35,12 %). Relativno niža prosječna temperatura zraka i viša
prosječna relativna vlažnost zraka rezultirali su velikim udjelom peludnog tereta dvogodišnjeg
dimka u 2014. godini. Iako dolina Neretve ima gotovo monokulturne nasade mandarine koja
zbog sterilnih prašnika ne omogućuje pčelama prikupljanje peludi, pelud ostalih ne sterilnih
agruma (naranča) bila je dosta zastupljena u prikupljenom peludnom teretu. |
| Abstract (english) | The Neretva River Delta with almost monocultural Satsuma mandarin plantations (Citrus
unshiu Marc.) is one of the three northernmost places in the world where commercially grown
citrus. It is known that for the normal development of bee colonies is necesaary to secure
additional quantities of pollen, however certain types of citrus fruits, and that includes unshiu
mandarins have sterile stamens. Howewer so far in Croatia have not yet conducted research
related to the determination of the botanical origin of pollen loads, therefore it would
constitute an important contribution in determining plant species that bees attending during on
mandarin forage. The research was conducted during Satsuma mandarin unshiu forage in the
Neretva valley on honey bee colonies of Carniolan bees (Apis mellifera carnica Poll., 1879).
Pollen is collected with pollen trap twice a day during the morning (8:00-13:00) and afternoon
(13:00-18:00) hours during 2014 and 2015, and once a day in 2016. In 2014., the largest share
of pollen loads during morning hours, was related to the Crepis biennis (100,00%), while the
prevalent pollen loads in the afternoon hours were of Cerastium glomeratum (0,55 - 73,99%),
Cistus incanus (53,00%) and Quercus ilex (19,35 - 48,52%). In 2015., the largest share of
pollen loads during morning hours was related to Citrus sinensis (81,19%), Citrus paradisi
(13,51%) and Quercus ilex pollen (4,92%), while the largest share of pollen loads in the
afternoon hours was also of oranges (99,62%). In 2016., at location Ušće dominated Citrus
sinensis (33,54 - 71,81%), Quercus ilex (3,28 - 53,33%) and Citrus paradisi (2.64 - 76.30%)
pollen loads, while at location Buk-Vlaka the prevalent pollen loads were of Citrus sinensis
(35,36 - 99.01%), Capsella bursa pastoris (0,61 - 53,24%) and Citrus clementina (0,60 -
35,12%). The relatively lower average air temperature and higher average relative humidity
resulted in a large share of Crepis biennis pollen loads in 2014. Although the Neretva valley
has almost monoculture Satsuma mandarin plantations which does not provide pollen forage
to bees due to sterile stamens, the pollen of other non sterile citruses (orange) was quite
present in the collected pollen loads. |
