| Abstract | Postizanje što većih prinosa poljoprivrednih kultura podrazumijeva korištenje većih
količina mineralnih gnojiva kako bi se maksimalno iskoristili fizikalni, kemijski i biološki
potencijali tla. Najveću opasnost za kakvoću tla i vode predstavljaju dušična gnojiva, a
posebno nitratni oblik dušika. Terensko istraživanje provedeno je u razdoblju 2016. - 2018. na
šest lokacija na području Biđ polja s ciljem određivanja toka vode i pronosa nitrata primjenom
procjednih lizimetara na različitim tipovima tala. Pri tome će se uz pomoć analize
poljoprivredne proizvodnje utvrditi potencijalna opasnost od onečišćenja podzemnih voda
nitratima. U tu svrhu izvršena je detaljna fizikalna i kemijska analiza uzoraka tla. Praćena je
dinamika koncentracija dušičnih spojeva (NO3-N i NH4-N) u procjednoj vodi, monitoring
količine i kakvoće procjedne vode, te analiza poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Tijekom
istraživanog razdoblja na lokacijama postavljenih lizimetara uzgajane su različite ratarske
kulture: zob, uljana repica, pir, ozimi ječam, šećerna repa, lucerna, soja, suncokret.
Koncentracija nitratni dušika u perkolatu procjednih lizimetara u razdoblju od 3 godine su
varirali od 2,63 do 16,13 mg NO3-N/l, a koncentracija ukupnog dušika u perkolatu kretala se
od 2,70 do 16,16 mg N/l te su uglavnom prelazile MDK tijekom 2016. i 2017. godine.
Koncentracija dušika iz amonijaka je varirala od 0,02 do 0,14 mg NH4-N/l. Maksimalno
ispiranje dušika putem procjedne vode iz tla isprano oko 17,5 kg N/ha ili 12,0 %, te 0,421 kg
P/ha ili 0,49 % od količine koja je dodana putem gnojidbe što je utvrđeno tijekom 2016.
godine. Dobiveni rezultati upućuju na opasnost od pronosa dušičnih spojeva do podzemne
vode u slučajevima povećane primjene mineralnih gnojiva nakon čega su prisutne povećane
količine oborina. |
| Abstract (english) | Achieving the highest possible yield of agricultural crops means using large amounts of
mineral fertilizers in order to maximize the physical, chemical and biological potentials of the
soil. The largest threat to the quality of soil and water is represented by nitrogen fertilizers,
and especially the nitrate form. The research was conducted in the period from 2016 to 2018
at six locations in the area of Biđ field with the aim of determining water flow and nitrate
transport by installing lysimeters on different soil types. Potential threat of groundwater
pollution with nitrates will be determined by the analysis of agricultural production. For this
purpose, a detailed physical and chemical analysis of soil samples was performed. The
dynamics of nitrogen compounds concentrations (NO3-N and NH4-N) in leachate, monitoring
of the quantity and quality of leachate, and analysis of agricultural production were
monitored. During the research period, different field crops were grown on the locations of
the installed lysimeters: oats, oilseed rape, spelled, winter barley, sugar beet, alfalfa, soybean,
sunflower. The concentration of nitrate nitrogen in zero tension lysimeters over a period of 3
years varied from 2.63 to 16.13 mg NO3-N / l, and the concentration of total nitrogen in
percolate ranged from 2.70 to 16.16 mg N / l and have largely exceeded the MDK during
2016 and 2017. The nitrogen concentration from the ammonia varied from 0.02 to 0.14 mg
NH4-N / l. Maximum leaching of nitrogen through leachate from the soil washed about 17.5
kg N / ha or 12.0%, and 0.421 kg P / ha or 0.49% of the amount added through fertilization,
which was determined during 2016. The obtained results indicate the danger of transport of
nitrogen compounds to groundwater in cases of increased application of mineral fertilizers,
after which there is an increased amount of precipitation.
Keywords: nitrates, |
