Solar energy is one of the main sources of renewable energy. The potential for electricity production through solar panels has been the subject of numerous studies. This paper provides an overview of research on solar panels installed on water surfaces, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages compared to land-based solar systems. It also examines the impact of solar panels on aquatic environments and their future potential. Panels achieve the highest production values when in contact with water due to the cooling effect. Additionally, proximity to water contributes to the longevity of panel operation. Hybrid systems can also positively impact fish growth. Solar panels provide shade on the water surface, which protects cultivated species from temperature extremes and other environmental stresses. Collaboration between researchers, farmers and policy makers can help develop tailored solutions, both for the global and Croatian context of developing floating solar panels that maximize the benefits of renewable energy production while ensuring food and water security. The technical feasibility of placing solar panels on water surfaces has already been proven. However, there is still a lack of specific research on the direct contact of water with pontoon structures and solar panels, as well as their possible connection with aquaculture.