Title Temeljni oblici vođenja poslova s naglaskom na društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću u Republici Hrvatskoj : Stručni završni rad
Title (english) BASIC FORMS OF BUSINESS ENTITIES WITH AN EMPHASIS ON LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
Author Nina Lisec
Mentor Milorad Ćupurdija (mentor)
Committee member Andrea Pešutić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Granter The University of Applied Sciences Baltazar Zaprešić (Chair of Law and General Courses) Zaprešić
Defense date and country 2020-09-28, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline SOCIAL SCIENCES Law Commercial and Company Law
Abstract Polazeći od statistiĉkih podataka, u ovom se radu postavlja pitanje što ĉini društvo s ograniĉenom odgovornošću (d.o.o.) kao oblik poslovanja najpogodniji za većinu poduzetnika. Rad zapoĉinje smještanjem teme u promatrani kontekst sagledavajući zastupljenost svih oblika poslovanja na domaćem trţištu, u tekućoj godini. Rad je teorijske prirode, metode korištene prilikom sastavnjanja su analiza i komparacija. Uz d.o.o., velik dio paţnje u ovom radu pridaje se obrtu, kao drugom najĉešćem obliku poslovanja na našem trţištu. Popularnost obrtništva temelji se na vrlo jednostavnoj registraciji i malim troškovima otvaranja. Posebnost obrta je mogućnost paušalnog plaćanja poreza na dohodak i samostalnog voĊenja knjigovodstva do 300.000,00 kn godišnjeg primitka. Ortaštvo je oblik udruţivanja fiziĉkih osoba radi postizanja zajedniĉkog cilja. Najveći nedostatak obrta i ortaštva je neograniĉena solidarna odgovornost vlasnika i ortaka za obveze iz poslovanja. Slijedom navedenog, glavna prednost za ĉlanove kapitalnih društava je njihova neodgovornost za obveze društva. U pravilu imaju lakši pristup izvorima financiranja i lakše ulaze na nova trţišta te su pogodnija za suradnju s većim poduzetnicima. Društva kapitala obveznici su primjene Zakona o raĉunovodstvu i obveznici su poreza na dobit. D.o.o. je pristupaĉniji oblik društva kapitala od dioniĉkog društva zbog znatno manjeg iznosa temeljnog kapitala. Prednost d.o.o. u odnosu na jednostavnog društva s ograniĉenom odgovornošću je u 25% dobiti kojih j.d.o.o. mora izdvajati u priĉuvu, dok d.o.o. s dobiti raspolaţe u cijelosti nakon plaćanja propisanih poreza. Uz to, d.o.o. ima bolji kredibilitet kod vjerovnika. Neke od novina Zakona o trgovaĉkim društvima su mogućnost on-line osnivanja i registracije te prestanak d.o.o. i j.d.o.o. po skraćenom postupku, što znaĉi da društvo moţe prestati i bez likvidacije ako vlasnici tako odluĉe, a uz to nemaju nepodmirenih obveza. Ovime se znaĉajno olakšava, skraćuje i pojeftinjuje postupak osnivanja i zatvaranja društava, što se do nedavno moglo navoditi kao nedostatak d.o.o.-a. Karakteristike obrta i j.d.o.o. ĉine ih vrlo povoljnim oblicima za sam poĉetak poslovanja.
Stranica | 2 Zakljuĉak rada je sloţen i ukazuje na to da je svaki od oblika poslovanja ili poslovnog udruţenja najpovoljniji nekad, odnosno nekome, u odreĊenoj situaciji. To izmeĊu ostalog ovisi o fazi u kojoj se nalazi poslovanje te o ambicijama i konkretnim ţeljama poduzetnika, kao i o prirodi djelatnosti koju obavlja i njenih mogućnosti na postojećem trţištu.
Abstract (english) Starting from the statistics, this paper raises the question of why a limited liability company (d.o.o.) as a form of business is most suitable for most entrepreneurs. The paper begins by placing the topic in the observed context, considering the distribution of all forms of business in the domestic market for the current year. Nature of this work is theoretical, methods used for compiling it are analysis and comparison. A fair amount of the attention in this paper is dedicated to sole proprietorship, as the second most common form of business on Croatian market. The popularitty is based on a very simple registration and low opening costs. A special feature of this form of business is the possibility of paying a flat income tax and independent bookkeeping up to HRK 300,000.00 of annual income. A partnership involves two or more natural persons who agree to achieve a common goal. A primary disadvantage of sole proprietorship and partnerships is the unlimited several personal liability of owners and partners for all business obligations. The main advantage for members of deemed capital companies is their limited liability for the company's obligations. They have easier access to sources of financing, easier entry on new markets, and are more suitable for cooperation with larger entrepreneurs. Capital companies are subjected to the application of the Accounting Act and are liable to profit tax. D.o.o. is more affordable than a joint stock company due to a much smaller amount of share capital. Advantage in relation to a simple limited liability company (j.d.o.o.) is in 25% of the profits of which j.d.o.o. must set aside in reserve, while d.o.o., after payment of the prescribed taxes, freely disposes of its profits. In addition, d.o.o. has better credibility with creditors. However, some features j.d.o.o. and the ones of partnership make those two favorable forms for the very beginning of a business. Some of the novelties are the possibility of online establishment and the termination of d.o.o. and j.d.o.o. by abbreviated procedure, which means that the company can be terminated without liquidation if the owners decide so, while having no outstanding liabilities. This shortens and reduces the cost of the process of founding and closing companies, which until recently could be cited as a lack of d.o.o.
The conclusion of the paper is complex and indicates that each of the forms of business is the most favorable sometimes, or to someone, in a certain situation. This depends, among other things, on the enterprise life cycle phase, ambitions and specific wishes of the entrepreneur, as well as on the nature of the activity he performs and its possibilities on the existing market.
Keywords
ograniĉena odgovornost
temeljni kapital
oporezivanje dohotka i dobiti
Keywords (english)
limited liability
share capital
income and profit taxation
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:129:129228
Study programme Title: Business Economy - Undergraduate Professional Study; specializations in: Menadžment uredskog poslovanja Course: Menadžment uredskog poslovanja Study programme type: professional Study level: undergraduate Academic / professional title: stručni prvostupnik / stručna prvostupnica ekonomije, smjer Poslovna ekonomija i financije (stručni prvostupnik / stručna prvostupnica ekonomije, smjer Poslovna ekonomija i financije)
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Created on 2021-10-12 11:54:46