This work presents an overview of the current situation and perspectives of the energy efficiency of households in the Republic of Croatia and the European Union. Due to the constantly growing energy demand and the negative impact that energy production has on the environment, energy efficiency has become a central issue of energy policy of the European Union. By analyzing the characteristics of final consumption in the households, current legislation, specific measures to improve energy efficiency and available sources of funding, the current situation of the energy efficiency of household sector in Croatia is determined, and then compared with the situation in other Member States. Croatia still has not managed to achieve all the available potential for energy savings, but the trend is positive. The main problems are insufficient awareness of the population and the lack of financial resources needed for the implementation of energy efficiency projects. Measures and activities for increasing energy efficiency are proposed, which could also help with energy poverty and have a positive impact on environmental protection and sustainable development. Interested parties should make available All the necessary administrative, technical and financial assistance in carrying out energy efficiency projects should be available to interested parties, with priority given to projects that achieve maximum savings. Primarily, those are investments in improvement of the thermal insulation of housing units, efficiency of the heating systems and then in home electrical appliances of high energy class and activities related to the energy certification of buildings.