This work examines the model of agonistic democracy proposed by Chantal Mouffe. Starting from the critique of structuralist Marxism, Mouffe establishes that in society there is always a possibility of an antagonistic conflict. With the project of agonistic democracy Mouffe tries to pacify that conflict. The key to that is the recognition that in society, besides antagonistic conflict between enemies, another type of conflict is possible. That is agonistic conflict between “adversaries”, which do not agree with each other’s solutions to political issues, but they recognize the legitimacy of the adversary’s position, as well as it’s right to compete in the democratic race, because they share common ethico-political principles of liberal democracy. The aim of this work is to critically examine the project of agonistic democracy by questioning the possibility of pacifying antagonism via the recognition the legitimacy of an enemy. This work depicts the development of the project of agonistic democracy, first through Chantal Mouffe’s critique of structural Marxism, then through her debate with liberal and communitarian theoretical approaches, then shows how Mouffe envisages the political community within agonistic democracy, but also how she envisages the application of the principles of agonism at the international level by envisaging a multipolar world of states grouped together around common cultures and values. The work concludes by arguing that the notion of “adversary” is limited because Mouffe overestimates the possibility of acknowledging the legitimacy of opposing perspectives within the society, and because the functioning of agonistic democracy demands the limitations to democratic participation for a large number of political demands which could endanger the conditions for it’s functioning. The application of the principle of agonism at the international level, as Mouffe envisages it, cannot give an adequate answer to current world issues because of the differences between world cultures on the one side, and the effects of globalization on the other.