In 21st century, we are faced with the fact that the world population is growing rapidly and with no signs of stopping. Said growth is happening uncontrollably while resulting with an uneven distribution of population, expanded gap in economic development of world countries, inadequate use of natural resources, and unfortunately, increased pollution of our only planet. In addition to that, urban population worldwide is growing, and the trend seems to be continuing for decades to come. Urban life certainly has its benefits - it increases workforce, has more effective concentration of goods and service, strengthens the creative and innovative industry etc. - but the disadvantages are very present as well, resulting with the fact that, today, cities contribute environmental pollution the most. The world population, however, is slowly waking up from hibernation and environmental awareness is increasing worldwide. People have come to terms that this lifestyle is far from sustainable, in every way possible. In recent decades, concepts „urban ecology“ and „permaculture“ have appeared in practice as well as in theory, and today we look at them and use them not only to combat the problems mentioned above, but also as key factors of modern and sustainable lifestyle. Permaculture is defined as an interdisciplinary scientific approach whose main goal is to care for the Earth and people but with limited resource consumption. Accordingly, urban ecology represents a set of ecological tools and principles adjusted to urban living, primarily created out of the urgent need for a better, more efficient and adequate management of natural resources and waste, considering the fact that „old“ way only seems to encourage further degradation of urban and world environment.