Ultrasound has, since its invention, become one of the most widely spread and used diagnostic methods. Almost every child born in the Western part of the world since the 1970s had been examined by ultrasound whilst still in the womb.(42) Ultrasound was used in the musculoskeletal system for the first time in 1958 by K. T. Dussik.(92) Now, almost 60 years later, it has become the first line diagnostic method for imaging the musculoskeletal system in Europe, and its popularity is growing in North America. Ultrasound owes its popularity to being one of the least expensive diagnostic methods, the fact that it doesn’t expose patients to harmful ionizing radiation, enables doctor-patient interaction, and the results are available in real time. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system are the main cause of chronic pain and invalidity in the world. Millions of people worldwide are suffering from diseases of the musculoskeletal system, and with aging of the population, the expected burden of disease will become progressively larger. Ultrasound can be used in diagnostics, as well as therapy, and as guidance in application of therapy in diseases of the musculoskeletal system. In this paper I am going to discuss the use of ultrasound in some of the most common lesions of the musculoskeletal system.