Ketoacidosis is a state of metabolic acidosis caused by high concentrations of ketone bodies in the blood and tissues. Ketone bodies are created because of beta oxidation of fatty acids amidst a disordered carbohydrate metabolism. Most often the state of ketoacidosis happens as a diabetes mellitus complication and presents with fruity breath, dyspnea, nausea and vomiting, mental state disorder, dehydration, weight loss and, in advanced stages, coma and death. Symptoms depend on the state of diabetic ketoacidosis, and the most common symptoms look like the clinical presentation of an acute abdomen, so a good clinical examination is necessary. Epidemiology of diabetic ketoacidosis varies depending on the DM I incidence in the population, the socioeconomic status and the health care organization. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a life-threatening state. It can happen within a few hours or a few days. Most commonly it happens in unregulated or poorly regulated patients during the time of an infection or stress and in 15% of cases it is the first symptom of the disease. General dehydration is caused by osmotic diuresis combined with acidosis and electrolyte loss and can lead to osmolarity of brain cells which then leads to a change in the patient’s mental state. The treatment is complex and requires the doctor’s knowledge and skill as well as the parent’s and child’s devotion. Primarily it is conducted in the intensive care unit in order to counter the life-threatening state. Diabetic ketoacidosis continues to be the leading cause of death in the pediatric population with DM I. Also, it causes some of the rare consequences including cerebral edema, hypercoagulability and deep vein thrombosis, rhabdomyolysis, digestive and pulmonary system disorders and a negative effect on long-term memory.