Hypercalciuria is a common metabolic disorder that is characterized by hypersecretion of calcium in the urine. It is defined by the values of calcium excreted in the urine, when those amounts are > 4 mg/kg/24h or > 0.1 to 0.125 mmol/kg/24h calcium excreted, or when the calcium / creatinine ratio is > 0.21 mg/mg (Milliner 2009). It occurs in 5-10% of the general population ( Vezzoli at al. 2008). The frequency is different in different parts of the world, and it is considered that is affected by the interaction of various factors such as geographic area, climatic conditions, food habits and genetic factors (Stojanović at al. 2007). Hypercalciuria is classified into two major groups, as well as idiopathic and secondary. Idiopathic hypercalciuria is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by excessive excretion of calcium in the urine without the simultaneous presence of hypercalcemia, or elevated levels of serum calcium, and without a known cause of hypercalciuria. It is divided into absorptive within which there are three types, followed by renal and resorptive. The frequency of idiopathic hypercalciuria in children ranges between 2.9 - 10%, and it is equally present in both genders (Stojanović at al. 2007) . Hypercalciuria can be presented with hematuria, urolithiasis, back pain or abdominal pain, dysuria, incontinence, enuresis or can be finded during the evaluation of urinary infection. Hypercalciuria is considered a major risk factor for the development of urolithiasis. About 80% of kidney stones contain calcium in their composition, and hypercalciuria alone is diagnosed in one third of patients with urolithiasis. Kidneys are often the seat of stones in the developed countries as a result of a diet rich in animal protein, while in developing countries, often formed in the bladder which is associated with poorer socioeconomic conditions. It occurs in all age groups, from newborns to the elderly with a different etiology. The diagnosis of hypercalciuria is based on measuring the amount of excreted calcium in the 24 hour urine and determining the value of the calcium/creatinine ratio, while the first and the most important step in therapy is change of nutrition habits.