Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and coughing. It is a global public health issue with an etiology that remains incompletely understood. The diagnosis of asthma is based on a detailed medical history and evidence of hyperreactivity. The treatment of asthma is based on a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. Pharmacological methods include various classes of drugs, such as inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), beta-agonists, muscarinic antagonists, leukotriene receptor antagonists, methylxanthines, mast cell stabilizers and biological therapies. Each of these classes has a specific mechanism of action and is used depending on the severity and specific characteristics of asthma in individual patients. A stepwise approach to asthma treatment recommends adjusting therapy based on disease severity and control. Mild and moderate asthma can be treated with a combination of ICS and long-acting beta-agonists (LABA). Severe asthma requires high doses of medication or additional therapies to achieve adequate control. Non-pharmacological treatment includes strategies such as avoiding asthma triggers, regular physical activity and weight management. Patient education on the proper use of inhalers, recognizing symptoms and managing triggers is crucial for the long-term success of therapy. The treatment of asthma also carries certain complications. For example, ICS can lead to the development of oral candidiasis, dysphonia and coughing, while beta-agonists can cause tachycardia and tremors. Oral corticosteroids have the most adverse effects, with long-term use negatively impacting the skin, eyes, immune, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular system.