This thesis analyzes the role and importance of central alarm systems, emphasizing fire alarm systems on ships. Advances in modern technology have enabled significant improvements in timely fire detection, replacing conventional systems with addressable ones that precisely determine the location of detectors on board. This paper focuses on different types of detectors, which are a key component of any fire alarm system. According to statistics, it only takes five minutes from the outbreak of the fire for smoke to accumulate in the corridors and staircases, which significantly complicates the evacuation of passengers and crew. Therefore, the correct operation of the detector is of crucial importance. Regardless of the size of the vessel, there is rarely anything more dangerous than a fire on board. Fire detection systems are a key part of the fire protection systems on most vessels. Fire detectors are designed for a quick reaction of the ship's fire alarm system through visible and audible alarms that indicate the location of a fire incident. The fire alarm system significantly affects material resources, and the crew's safety, so regular maintenance and testing is necessary for the system to perform its function effectively.