It is estimated that there are about 50% H. pylori infected adults in developed countries and 80-90% of adults in developing countries. Due to the limited success of eradication therapies and the increasing number of resistant strains of H. pylori to antibiotic components of current treatment protocols, new therapy approaches and new effective drugs are required. The prevalence of H. pylori resistance to eradication procedures is different, in different parts of the world. The biggest problem is the bacterial resistance to clarithromycin, the antibiotic included in standard first-line therapy, which lead to modifications of the therapeutic shemes by adding other antibiotics in therapy. However, that hasn't been successful in the long-term meaning, beacuse of the rapid resistance development which differ significantly according to geographical areas. With the development of non-invasive and rapid sensitivity tests, primarily H. pylori sensitivity to clarithromycin and levofloxacin, it will be easier to determine individually-tailored regimes of which we can expect eradication rates of <95%. It can also be assumed that with probiotics, added to H. pylori eradication therapy, there will be beneficial effect on the host by changing the composition of intestinal microflora, which may cause the reduction in the side effects frequency, enable better submission therapy and better compliance. Also, the vaccine against H. pylori shows great potential and should be most effective if applied during the first few months of infection (after birth) - which is the period with most potential H. pylori infection. Ideally, the vaccine must not only have a good safety and efficiency, but should be relatively cheap and give the long-term immunity with minimal doses and repetition.