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professional thesis
Utjecaj prehrane bogate cjelovitim žitaricama na čimbenike rizika metaboličkoga sindroma
Zagreb: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 2016. urn:nbn:hr:163:513614
Hrg, Sandra
University of Zagreb
Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry
Department of food chemistry

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Hrg, S. (2016). Utjecaj prehrane bogate cjelovitim žitaricama na čimbenike rizika metaboličkoga sindroma (Professional thesis). Zagreb: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry. Retrieved from https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:163:513614

Hrg, Sandra. "Utjecaj prehrane bogate cjelovitim žitaricama na čimbenike rizika metaboličkoga sindroma." Professional thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 2016. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:163:513614

Hrg, Sandra. "Utjecaj prehrane bogate cjelovitim žitaricama na čimbenike rizika metaboličkoga sindroma." Professional thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 2016. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:163:513614

Hrg, S. (2016). 'Utjecaj prehrane bogate cjelovitim žitaricama na čimbenike rizika metaboličkoga sindroma', Professional thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, accessed 18 January 2025, https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:163:513614

Hrg S. Utjecaj prehrane bogate cjelovitim žitaricama na čimbenike rizika metaboličkoga sindroma [Professional thesis]. Zagreb: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; 2016 [cited 2025 January 18] Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:163:513614

S. Hrg, "Utjecaj prehrane bogate cjelovitim žitaricama na čimbenike rizika metaboličkoga sindroma", Professional thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, 2016. Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:163:513614

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Metadata
TitleUtjecaj prehrane bogate cjelovitim žitaricama na čimbenike rizika metaboličkoga sindroma
AuthorSandra Hrg
MentorIrena Vedrina-Dragojević (mentor)
Committee memberDubravka Vitali Čepo (član povjerenstva)
Committee memberIrena Vedrina-Dragojević (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee memberDonatella Verbanac (član povjerenstva)
MBZ: 133213
GranterUniversity of Zagreb
Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry
(Department of food chemistry)
Zagreb
Defense date and country2016, Croatia
Scientific / art field,
discipline and subdiscipline		BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE
Pharmacy
Pharmacy
Abstract
Cilj istraživanja: Cilj ovog teorijskog rada je prikupiti znanstvene i stručne članke te na temelju rezultata istraživanja zaključiti utjecaj komponenti cjelovitih žitarica na prevenciju razvoja metaboličkoga sindroma odnosno rizika od razvoja dijabetesa tip 2 (T2D), kardiovaskularnih bolesti (KVB) i pretilosti. Na temelju prikupljenih podataka, opisani su mehanizmi djelovanja pojedinih sastavnica cjelovitog zrna (dijetalna vlakna, mineralne tvari, antioksidansi) te njihovi metabolički učinci. Materijal / ispitanici i metode: korištene su znanstvene studije in vivo na zdravim dobrovoljcima i osobama s blagim stupnjem metaboličkoga sindroma u kojima je ispitano djelovanje cjelovitih žitarica na prevenciju rizika od razvoja dijabetesa tipa 2 (T2D), pretilosti te na čimbenike rizika od kardiovaskularnih bolesti (KVB) s osvrtom na krvni tlak, koncentraciju lipida u plazmi, upalne markere te indeks tjelesne mase (BMI). Rezultati: proizvodi s cjelovitim zrnom pokazuju značajno niže koncentracije glukoze u krvi te izazivaju manje izražene kasne hipoglikemije za razliku od proizvoda s bijelim brašnom, što predstavlja potencijalnu korist u regulaciji glukoze u krvi. Cjelovite žitarice u jutarnjem obroku snizuju inzulinemički indeks (II), smanjuju osjećaj gladi u kasnijoj fazi nakon obroka te unos energije u usporedbi s obrocima koji sadrže proizvode od rafiniranih žitarica. Statistički značajno smanjenje rizika od incidenta T2D rezultirao je ≥2.0 dnevna obroka cjelovitih žitarica. Veći unos žitarica za doručak je povezan s povećanom tjelesnom aktivnosti, većom potrošnjom povrća, voća te mliječnih proizvoda i nižom učestalošću pušenja, konzumiranja alkohola te hipertenzijom. Redovit unos cjelovitih žitarica značajno utječe na sniženje vrijednosti indeksa tjelesne mase (BMI) i opsega struka. Postotak masnog tkiva u abdominalnoj regiji te vrijednosti C-reaktivnog proteina (CRP) značajno su sniženi kod ispitanika s ciljanim brojem dnevnih obroka cjelovitim žitaricama. S druge strane, veći unos rafiniranih žitarica povećava koncentraciju glukoze natašte (P=0,04), povećava vrijednost sistoličkog krvnog tlaka (P=0.05) te vrijednosti ukupnog i LDL kolesterola. Predloženi mehanizam kojim proizvodi od cjelovitih žitarica bogatih neprobavljivim ugljikohidratima mogu poboljšati toleranciju glukoze je fermentacija u kolonu i stvaranje kratkolančanih masnih kiselina (SCFA), octene, propionske i maslačne kiseline. Zaključak: prema rezultatima istraživanja unos proizvoda s cjelovitim zrnom zbog sinergije funkcionalnih sastojaka te tendencije poboljšanja korisnih životnih navika značajno je povezan s nižom učestalosti kroničnih bolesti odnosno metaboličkim sindromom.
Abstract (english)
Aim: The aim of this paper is to do research of the impact of the components of whole grains in preventing the development of metabolic syndrome and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and obesity. The mechanisms of action of individual components of whole grain (dietary fiber, minerals, antioxidants) as well as their metabolic effects are described on the basis of collected data. Material / Patients and Methods were used in scientific studies in vivo in healthy volunteers and people with mild degree of metabolic syndrome. The activity of whole grains was studied in preventing the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity and the risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with regard to blood pressure, serum lipid levels, inflammatory markers, body mass index (BMI). Results: whole grain products show substantially lower concentrations of glucose in the blood and cause less delayed hypoglycemia expressed in contrast to products with white flour, which is a potential benefit in regulating blood glucose. Whole grains in the morning meal lower insulin index (II), reduce hunger at a later stage after a meal, and energy intake compared to diets containing products from refined grains. Statistically a significant reduction in the risk of T2Dincident resulted in ≥2.0 daily servings of whole grains. A higher intake of breakfast cereals is associated with increased physical activity, higher consumption of vegetables, fruits and dairy products, and lower prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption and hypertension. A regular intake of whole grains has a significant impact on lowering the value of the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. The percentage of fat in the abdominal region, and the value of C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly decreased in patients who had a targeted number of daily servings of whole grains. On the other hand, a higher intake of refined grains increases the FPG (P=0.04), systolic blood pressure (P=0.05), and the values of total and LDL cholesterol. The proposed mechanism by which products of whole grains rich in indigestible carbohydrates can improve glucose tolerance is fermentation in the colon and the creation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), acetic, propionic and butyric acid. Conclusion: according to the research results the intake of whole grain products is associated with significantly lower incidence of chronic diseases or metabolic syndrome due to synergies of functional ingredients and tendencies to improve the useful life habits.
Keywords
Keywords (english)
Languagecroatian
URN:NBNurn:nbn:hr:163:513614
Study programmeTitle: Phytopharmacy with dietotherapy
Study programme type: university
Study level: postgraduate specialist
Academic / professional title: sveučilišni magistar/sveučilišna magistra fitofarmacije s dijetoterapijom (sveučilišni magistar/sveučilišna magistra fitofarmacije s dijetoterapijom)
Type of resourceText
File originBorn digital
Access conditionsOpen access
Terms of useLicence In copyright icon
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Created on2016-06-17 09:19:34

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