Citrinin u dodacima prehrani na bazi crvene riže - potencijalni rizik za zdravlje ljudi

Đurović, Ivana

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master's thesis

Citrinin u dodacima prehrani na bazi crvene riže - potencijalni rizik za zdravlje ljudi

Zagreb: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 2015. urn:nbn:hr:163:037838

Đurović, Ivana

University of Zagreb
Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry
Department of microbiology

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APA 6th Edition

Đurović, I. (2015). Citrinin u dodacima prehrani na bazi crvene riže - potencijalni rizik za zdravlje ljudi (Master's thesis). Zagreb: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry. Retrieved from https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:163:037838

MLA 8th Edition

Đurović, Ivana. "Citrinin u dodacima prehrani na bazi crvene riže - potencijalni rizik za zdravlje ljudi." Master's thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 2015. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:163:037838

Chicago 17th Edition

Harvard

Đurović, I. (2015). 'Citrinin u dodacima prehrani na bazi crvene riže - potencijalni rizik za zdravlje ljudi', Master's thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, accessed 18 April 2024, https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:163:037838

Vancouver

Đurović I. Citrinin u dodacima prehrani na bazi crvene riže - potencijalni rizik za zdravlje ljudi [Master's thesis]. Zagreb: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; 2015 [cited 2024 April 18] Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:163:037838

IEEE

I. Đurović, "Citrinin u dodacima prehrani na bazi crvene riže - potencijalni rizik za zdravlje ljudi", Master's thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, 2015. Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:163:037838

Cite this item: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:163:037838

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Metadata

Title	Citrinin u dodacima prehrani na bazi crvene riže - potencijalni rizik za zdravlje ljudi
Title (english)	Citrinin in red rice based food supplements - a potential risk to human health
Author	Ivana Đurović
Mentor	Maja Šegvić Klarić (mentor)
Committee member	Maja Šegvić Klarić
Committee member	Željan Maleš
Committee member	Anita Hafner
Granter	University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry (Department of microbiology) Zagreb
Defense date and country	2015-07-07, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline	BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Pharmacy Pharmacy
Abstract	Mikotoksini su toksični proizvodi sekundarnog metabolizma nekih vrsta plijesni. Jedan je od takvih toksičnih produkata i citrinin (CTN). Proizvode ga vrste iz rodova Penicillium, Aspergillus i Monascus, a može se naći u namirnicama biljnog podrijetla (pšenica, riža, ječam, kukuruz) te voću, povrću i voćnim sokovima. CTN je primarno nefrotoksičan, a može također dovesti do oštećenja jetre ili koštane srži. IARC ga svrstava u kategoriju 3 kancerogenih tvari. U ovom je radu CTN promatran kao moguće onečišćenje u dodacima prehrani s crvenom rižom te su pretraživani znanstveni radovi čiji su autori ispitivali prisutnost CTN u komercijalno dostupnim pripravcima crvene riže. Crvena riža nastaje procesom fermentacije riže (Oryza sativa) uz gljivice iz roda Monascus. U Aziji se tradicionalno koristi kao bojilo za hranu i aromu te u narodnoj medicini za liječenje problema probave i cirkulacije krvi. U suvremenoj je medicini prepoznata kao sredstvo za regulaciju povišenih vrijednosti kolesterola u krvi budući da fermentacijom nastaje aktivna tvar - monakolin K. Brojne kliničke studije potvrdile su djelotvornost crvene riže u terapiji hiperlipidemije. Međutim, ukoliko se proces fermentacije ne odvija pod kontroliranim uvjetima, može nastati CTN. Istraživanja provedena u proteklih 5 - 10 godina pokazuju da su pacijentima dostupni preparati koji sadrže CTN, a u nekim su pronađene i količine koje su znatno veće od onih koje su navedene u smjernicama, a propisane su na temelju ispitivanja provedenih na životinjskim modelima. Smjernice su različite za pojedine dijelove svijeta budući da zastupljenost mikotoksina ovisi o klimatskim uvjetima. U ovom je radu prisutnost CTN u ispitivanim uzorcima uspoređivana sa smjernicama koje vrijede na području Europske unije.Dodatno, CTN se zajedno s drugim mikotoksinima (uglavnom okratoksinom A) može naći i u hrani (žitaricama i voću) pa je dugoročnom primjenom kontaminirane hrane povećana vjerojatnost za razvoj nefrotoksikoze, odnosno karcinoma bubrega. Proizvođači ovih dodataka prehrani trebali bi kontrolirati prisutnost CTN u polaznim sirovinama, a u budućnosti bi trebala postojati bolja zakonska regulativa za dodatke prehrani kako bi se pacijentima osigurala sigurnost u liječenju hiperlipidemije crvenom rižom bez rizika nefrotoksičnog učinka CTN.
Abstract (english)	Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi. One of such toxic products is citrinin (CTN). CTN is produced by several fungal species belonging to the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus and Monascus and can be found in foods of plant origin (wheat, rice, barley, maize), fruits and fruits juices. CTN is primary nephrotoxic but also can cause liver damage and bone marrow damage. IARC has classified CTN in group 3 of carcinogens. In this study, data on CTN as possible contaminant of food supplements with red yeast rice and scientific papers with CTN occurrence in commercially available food supplements were discussed. Red yeast rice is fermented product of rice (Oryza sativa) and Monascus spp. In Asia it is traditionally used as food colorant, flavour and in traditional Chinese medicine for treating digestive problems and blood circulation. Modern medicine uses red yeast rice for regulation of elevated blood cholesterol levels whereas active substance- monacolin K is the product of fermentation. Many clinical studies confirmed effectiveness of red yeast rice in therapy of hyperlipidaemia. If fermentation process is not under controlled conditions, CTN may occur as product. Studies conducted in the past 5-10 years show that the preparations containing CTN are available to patients, and in some preparations amounts that are considerably higher than the concentration in guidelines (based on tests carried out on animal models) were found. The guidelines are different for certain parts of the world because the occurrence of mycotoxins depends on the climatic conditions.In this study, the presence of CTN in the analysed samples was compared with the guidelines that apply in the European Union. In addition, CTN cooccur with other mycotoxins, particularly ochratoxin A, which was confirmed in foods (grains and fruits). Thus, the long-term exposure through contaminated food may increase the possibility for developing nephrotoxicoses or kidney cancer. Manufacturers of these supplements should control the presence of CTN in raw material and in the future there should be a better legal framework for dietary supplements in order to ensure the safety of patients in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia using red rice without any risk of nephrotoxic effect of CTN.
Keywords
Keywords (english)
Language	croatian
URN:NBN	urn:nbn:hr:163:037838
Study programme	Title: Pharmacy Study programme type: university Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra farmacije (magistar/magistra farmacije)
Type of resource	Text
File origin	Born digital
Access conditions	Open access
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Repository	Repository of Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry University of Zagreb
Created on	2016-01-19 16:01:50

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