| Abstract | SAŽETAK
Lebdeće čestice su krute ili tekuće čestice suspendirane u zraku, a pojavljuju se u različitim veličinama, oblicima, koncentracijama te mogu imati dugotrajne posljedice na okoliš i ljudsko zdravlje. Budući da industrija igra veliku ulogu u onečišćenju zraka, u blizini rafinerije nafte prikupljali su se uzorci PM2.5 u razdoblju od 01.12.2017. do 12.11.2019. svaki drugi dan po 24 sata. Glavni komercijalni proizvodi rafinerije nafte su benzinsko i dizel gorivo, lož ulje, ukapljeni naftni plin te goriva za mlazne motore. Gravimetrijskom metodom dobivene su ukupne masene koncentracije, a elementnom analizom pomoću XRF tehnike određene su koncentracije sljedećih elemenata: S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn i Pb. Dobivene koncentracije prikazane su vremenskim nizovima dobivenih programom R-Studio.
U Uredbi o razinama onečišćujućih tvari u zraku (NN/77/20 (1465)) propisana je granična vrijednost koncentracije PM2.5 tijekom kalendarske godine od 20 µg/m3. Prosječna vrijednost koncentracije PM2.5 za 2018. iznosila je 12.68 µg/m3, a za 2019. iznosila je 10.27 µg/m3 to jest nisu prekoračene vrijednosti iz Uredbe. Primijećene su veće koncentracije kalija tijekom zime, koncentracije sumpora tijekom tog perioda su velikom većinom iznad granice detekcije što je i za očekivati jer je stalan sastojak nafte. Uspoređujući vrijednosti izmjerene na postaji u Rijeci preuzete sa stranice Kvaliteta zraka u Republici Hrvatskoj u promatranom razdoblju, srednje vrijednosti koncentracija PM2.5, kalcija i kalija niže su nego srednje vrijednosti tih elemenata u blizini rafinerije nafte. |
| Abstract (english) | Particulate matter (PM) is a mixture of solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere that come in different sizes, shapes, concentrations, and can have long-term effects on the environment and human health. As the industry plays an important role in air pollution, PM2.5 samples were collected near an oil refinery every other day for 24 hours from December 1, 2017, to November 12, 2019. The oil refinery 's main commercial products are gasoline and diesel fuel, heating oil, liquefied petroleum gas, and jet fuels. The PM2.5 concentartion was determined by gravimetric analysis and the concentrations of the following elements were determined by XRF analysis: S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb. The obtained concentrations are presented in time series using R-Studio.
The Regulation on Air Pollutant Concentration Levels (NN/77/20 (1465)) prescribes a limit value for the PM2.5 concentration during the calendar year of 20 µg/m3. The average PM2.5 concentration was 12.68 µg/m3 in 2018 and 10.27 µg/m3 in 2019, which means that the values from the Regulation were not exceeded. Higher potassium concentrations were observed during the winter, while sulfur concentrations during that period were mostly above the detection limit, as expected because it is a constant component of oil. Comparing the values measured at the station in Rijeka, obtained from the Air Quality in the Republic of Croatia website during the observed period, the average concentrations of PM2.5, calcium, and potassium were lower than the average values of these elements near the oil refinery. |
