In this bachelor thesis, we deal with the properties and mechanisms essential for the formation and sustainability of planetary atmospheres and magnetospheres in the Solar System. Their study is significant for understanding planetary evolution, astrobiology, climate, and weather conditions, as well as for improving existing technologies. In the first chapter, the basic definitions and terms that we will use in the following text are listed, and the fundamental components of atmospheres and magnetospheres are explained. Special emphasis is placed on the topology and interaction of individual structures. The second chapter deals with the terrestrial planets: Earth, Mars, Venus and Mercury. The Earth is discussed in more detail since the most scientific knowledge is available about it. Similarly, the third chapter deals with the Jovian planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The description of each planet in the second and third chapters is organized so that the composition and (specific) characteristics of the atmosphere are stated in the first part of the text, followed by basic information about the magnetosphere in the second part. It should be noted that atmospheres and magnetospheres are dynamic systems that are inseparable and in constant interaction with the parent planet and the interplanetary environment.