Duplikacije gena za aminoacil-tRNA-sintetaze i njihove raznolike uloge u bakterijama

Bigović Villi, Kian

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undergraduate thesis

Duplikacije gena za aminoacil-tRNA-sintetaze i njihove raznolike uloge u bakterijama

Zagreb: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, 2022. urn:nbn:hr:217:785279

Bigović Villi, Kian

University of Zagreb
Faculty of Science
Department of Biology

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APA 6th Edition

Bigović Villi, K. (2022). Duplikacije gena za aminoacil-tRNA-sintetaze i njihove raznolike uloge u bakterijama (Undergraduate thesis). Zagreb: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science. Retrieved from https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:785279

MLA 8th Edition

Bigović Villi, Kian. "Duplikacije gena za aminoacil-tRNA-sintetaze i njihove raznolike uloge u bakterijama." Undergraduate thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, 2022. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:785279

Chicago 17th Edition

Harvard

Bigović Villi, K. (2022). 'Duplikacije gena za aminoacil-tRNA-sintetaze i njihove raznolike uloge u bakterijama', Undergraduate thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, accessed 13 January 2025, https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:785279

Vancouver

Bigović Villi K. Duplikacije gena za aminoacil-tRNA-sintetaze i njihove raznolike uloge u bakterijama [Undergraduate thesis]. Zagreb: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science; 2022 [cited 2025 January 13] Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:785279

IEEE

K. Bigović Villi, "Duplikacije gena za aminoacil-tRNA-sintetaze i njihove raznolike uloge u bakterijama", Undergraduate thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Zagreb, 2022. Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:785279

Cite this item: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:785279

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Title	Duplikacije gena za aminoacil-tRNA-sintetaze i njihove raznolike uloge u bakterijama
Title (english)	Aminoacyl-tRNA-sythetase gene duplications and their diverse roles in bacteria
Author	Kian Bigović Villi
Mentor	Ita Gruić-Sovulj (mentor)
Granter	University of Zagreb Faculty of Science (Department of Biology) Zagreb
Defense date and country	2022-08-29, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline	NATURAL SCIENCES Biology
Abstract	Aminoacil-tRNA-sintetaze (aaRS) su skupina enzima koja služi u prevođenju informacije zapisane u nukleinskim kiselinama u informaciju zapisanu u polipeptidnim lancima. Njihova kanonska uloga u bakterijskoj stanici obuhvaća stvaranje aminoacil-tRNA, sparivanjem aminokiseline i pripadne molekule tRNA s visokim stupnjem točnosti. Tako nastala aminoacil-tRNA ribosomima služi kao supstrat za sintezu proteina u procesu translacije. Uslijed mnoštva genskih duplikacija i horizontalnih prijenosa gena, neke bakterije stekle su do dva dodatna gena koja kodiraju određenu aaRS. Iako naizgled suvišne, dodatne aaRS pokazale su mnoštvo različitih nekanonskih funkcija koje danim bakterijama donose kompetitivnu prednost. Kako su aaRS zbog svoje esencijalne kanonske uloge često meta antibiotika, mnoge bakterije stekle su dodatnu aaRS otpornu na djelovanje danih antibiotika, induciranu njihovom prisutnošću. Takve aaRS nerijetko se nalaze u okviru genskih klastera za biosintezu pripadnih antibiotika, te bakteriju štite proizvedenog antibiotika, a nerijetko imaju ulogu i u samom biosintetskom procesu. Neke dodatne aaRS su pak postale dio regulatornih sustava procesa sporulacije, dok su druge postale dio bakterijskih odgovora na povišenu temperaturu, niski pH i prisustvo D-aminokiselina. Daljnje proučavanje duplikacija gena za aaRS je od izrazite važnosti jer nosi potencijal za otkriće novih antibiotika i mehanizama otpornosti na njih, ali i saznanja o temeljnim bakterijskim procesima.
Abstract (english)	Aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetases (aaRS) are enzymes that translate the information written in nucleic acids to the information contained in polypeptide chains. Canonically, they catalyse the synthesis of aminoacyl-tRNA, accurately pairing amino acids with the corresponding tRNA molecules. Obtained aminoacyl-tRNAs are central to the process of translation as substrates in the ribosome-mediated protein synthesis. Resulting from numerous gene duplications and horizontal transfers, some bacteria have acquired up to 2 additional genes coding for a particular aaRS. Although seemingly redundant, these additional aaRSs have shown a multitude of different non-canonical functions that confer various competitive advantages. As aaRS are often targets of antibiotic activity, many bacteria have acquired additional, antibiotic-resistant aaRSs induced in their presence. Such aaRSs are usually found within biosynthetic gene clusters for the corresponding antibiotics where they serve to protect the bacteria from the produced antibiotic, while few even have a role in the biosynthetic proces. Some additional aaRSs have become parts of a regulatory network governing bacterial sporulation, while others integrated in bacterial responses to elevated temperature, low pH and D-amino acids. Further studies of additional aaRSs are of particular importance, as they may lead to the discovery of new antibiotics and antibiotic resistance mechanisms and elucidate fundamental bacterial processes.
Keywords
Keywords (english)
Language	croatian
URN:NBN	urn:nbn:hr:217:785279
Study programme	Title: Molecular Biology Study programme type: university Study level: undergraduate Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
Type of resource	Text
File origin	Born digital
Access conditions	Open access
Terms of use
Repository	Repository of the Faculty of Science
Created on	2022-09-26 14:44:07