Microplastic is one of the most important factors of environmental pollution, caused by the degradation of plastics into micrometre-sized fragments. It is present in almost all ecosystems where they interact directly with living organisms. Freshwater habitats are common sources of high concentrations of microplastics deposited on land from wastewater, leaching from croplands or irresponsible waste disposal. Freshwater plants (macrophytes), together with algae, are the primary producers and the first trophic level of food chains, and therefore they have a significant impact on the stability of the freshwater ecosystem. Therefore, the objective of recent researches was to determine the nature of a relationship between freshwater macrophytes and microplastic particles. The toxic effects of microplastics depend on their physical and chemical properties: size, shape, density, charge, composition, additives, etc. On the other hand, the main physiological responses of plants are based on changes in parameters related to growth, photosynthesis process, morphological state and proliferation. For microplastics to affect plants, they must adhere to their surface or be taken up into the vascular system, which depends on a number of environmental factors. The advantage of studying the interaction between microplastics and freshwater in situ macrophytes is the potential use as bioindicators of contamination and for the process of bioremediation, for which it is crucial to know precisely the potential toxic effects of microplastics on a given plant species.