Loess is a Pleistocene sediment formed by the action of wind in periglacial areas. The different horizontal and vertical development of loess is the result of many factors. The origin of loess is first sought in the studied area, and then in the wider surrounding areas. Cryo fracturing, glacial and fluvial erosion, as well as transport and slope processes, provided the basic mass of dusty material from which loess and similar sediments later developed through diagenesis. The accumulation of dusty material of aeolian origin was primarily caused by northern and northeastern winds during the peak of the last glacial period. Loess is very important a thick layer of extremely fertile soils developed on it after the last ice age. These are light, porous soils which later, in the Neolithic period, with the beginning of agriculture, were very favorable for the development of farming. Neolithic communities were dependent on the natural base due to their primitive techniques, which had a direct impact on geographical distribution of the population and settlements. For these reasons, Neolithic agriculture was most developed on loess plateaus with fertile soil. Loess plateaus are also of extraordinary importance and value for today's agriculture.