Infantile attributes are an important stimuli of human attention during interaction with both children and animals. „Baby schema“ is a term used to describe a set of infantile attributes of faces (big head and round face, high and protruding forehead, big eyes and small mouth and nose) which can start an innate human reaction. Same reaction is visible while watching pictures of children, as well as animals, which, in both cases, activates regions of brain in charge of reward, emotion and affiliation. However, there are regions whose activation is visible only during watching pictures of children which points to a mechanism developed to react specifically to humans as a species. Also, regions in charge of face processing and social cognition were activated while watching pictures of dogs that can be explained with absence of verbal communication with animals. The phenomenon of retaining infantile attributes during adulthood (neoteny) indicates a probability that human preference toward infantile attributes steered canine evolution during domestification. The growing body of research that asserts the beneficial effects of bonds with animal on human health and social status show that such bonds are an important evolutionary factor for humans. Despite the great number of research on effect of infantile attributes on humans, research that would clarify the existence of similar animal mechanisms and when and how did they emerge are scarce.