This thesis focuses on the history of Sumer, their genesis and development as the first known urban civilization of the world. It reviews growing process of culture, writing system and early technology, that shaped the way people looked at the world. It describes Sumerians as highly resourceful, hardworking and creative people with a decisive spirit. It explains the social construct, the hierarchy that is of their society, and the myths, legends and religion with which they tried to explain their existence and a considerable higher level of development as opposed to neighboring peoples. It clarifies slavery, family relationships and the first laws that newer civilizations, like the Greek adopted. Through a romantic prism the work displays love and family relationships as one of the main drives of the Sumerian people, along side will for power and competition making it a strong formula for success. Also, it implies that not only love as a core emotion was the key to success, but also hate played an important role in making of the city-states of the Sumerian civilization, which often waged wars among each other. In the final part, it puts the emphasis on their legacy, influence on modern religions, holy books and a sad demise of one of the greatest civilizations of all time.