Economic development of Istria dates back to ancient times when the population engaged in farming, viticulture, olive growing and fishing. Hard working and persistent people build the foundations of a successful economy that is still today trying to keep competitive. This proves the fact that Istria county ranks third in the competitiveness rankings of all Croatian counties. The result is a developed entrepreneurial and financial infrastructure. Inter regional and international cooperation, and EU projects are very important segments that improve the Istrian economy. Over the past years there have been achieved significant cooperation with various institutions and agencies at home and abroad and that realized a number of significant projects. The development of tourism, especially rural tourism is essential for the economy. In addition to hotels along the coast, Istria can offer accommodation in idyllic villages that reflect the tranquility and natural beauty, with its rich cuisine of local products. These same local products are used in the tourist offer in order to increase their consumption, and recognition. The area of the Istrian Region is of great importance for Croatia because it represents its "western gate" to Europe. Quality connection of Istria with the rest of Croatia, and with Slovenia and Italy is important to establish international traffic flows and promotion of tourism. Therefore, it is important to improve road, rail and maritime transport.