| Abstract | Josip Jelačić bio je hrvatski, dalmatinski i slavonski ban od 1848. do 1859. Član je plemićke obitelji Jelačić koja se svrstava među red „raseljeničkoga“ plemstva koje je bilo primorano napustiti svoje posjede za vrijeme osmanskih osvajanja. U trenutku njegova rođenja, njegovi roditelji otac Franjo i majka Ana živjeli su u Petrovaradinu, gdje mu je otac bio u vojnoj službi. Što se tiče obrazovanja s osam godina započinje svoje školovanje u bečkom Theresianumu, koje je trajalo 10 godina. Godine 1819. postaje poručnikom u Trećoj konjaničkoj pukovniji u Galiciji. Zatim služi u Beču, Galiciji, Ogulinu, Italiji, Zadru i Glini. Kralj Ferdinand V. imenovao ga je hrvatskim banom te ga unaprijedio u zapovjednika Glinske i petrinjske pukovnije. Dana 8. travnja 1848. u Beču polaže bansku prisegu i biva imenovan vojničkim zapovjednikom u banskoj i graničarskoj Hrvatskoj. Paralelno sa svečanim ustoličenjem Hrvatski sabor započinje s radom. Nakon neuspjelih pregovora s Ugarskom vladom, u jesen 1848. objavljuje rat Ugarskoj. Dana 11. rujna ban sa svojom vojskom prelazi Dravu te možemo reći kako time započinje mađarsko-hrvatski rat. Dana 6. listopada 1848. dobiva vijest o izbijanju revolucije u Beču te okreće svoju vojsku prema carskoj prijestolnici kako bi ugušio ustanak i pomogao Austriji. Novi car Franjo Josip I. imenovao ga je 2. prosinca 1848. upraviteljem Rijeke te civilnim i vojnim upraviteljem Dalmacije. Franjo Josip uz pomoć ruskog cara Nikole I. u konačnici slama revoluciju te ubrzo nakon toga donosi oktroirani ustav. Mađari su dobili apsolutizam za kaznu, a Hrvati za “nagradu”. Bachov apsolutizam poznato je razdoblje provođenja stroge germanizacije. Nakon mnogih godina borbi, Jelačić 1859. umire shrvan, fizički i duševno. Zauvijek će ostati upamćen kao jedan je od najznačajnijih političara u cijeloj povijesti Hrvatske. |
| Abstract (english) | Josip Jelačić was the ban (viceroy) of Croatia, Dalmatia and Slavonia from 1848 to 1859. He was a member of the House of Jelačić, belonging to the displaced noble families who had been forced to leave their estates during the Ottoman conquest. At the moment of his birth, his parents Franjo and Ana were living in Petrovaradin, where his father served in the military. At the age of eight, Josip Jelačić begins his education in the Theresian Military Academy in Vienna, which lasted for 10 years. In 1819 Josip Jelačić became a lieutenant in the 3rd Cavalry Regiment in Galicia. After that he served in Vienna, Galicia, Ogulin, Italy, Zadar and Glina. King Ferdinand V proclaimed him the ban of Croatia and promoted him to commander of Glina and Petrinja regiments. On 8 April 1848 in Vienna, Josip Jelačić takes his oath as ban and is promoted to commander of Banska and Krajiška. Simultaneously with the inaugural ceremony, the Croatian Parliament is established. Grand National Assembly, led by Gaj and Kukuljević in Vienna, composes the Demands of the Nation in thirty points. After failed negotiations with the Hungarian government, in fall 1848, Croatia declares war on Hungary. On 11 September Josip Jelačić crosses the Drava river with his army, which marks the beginning of the war. On 6 October 1848, upon receiving information about the revolution breaking out in Vienna, Josip Jelačić turns his army back towards the capital in order to suppress the uprising and help Austria. On 2 December 1848, the new emperor Franz Joseph I proclaimed Josip Jelačić the new governor of Rijeka and the civil and military governor of Dalmatia. Franz Joseph, with the help of the Russian emperor Nicholas I, crushes the revolution and introduces the octroyed Constitution shortly after. Hungary received absolutism as punishment, while Croatia got it as a reward. Bach's absolutism became a well-known period of strict germanisation. After many years of fighting, Josip Jelačić died in 1858, defeated physically and mentally. He will forever be remembered as one of the most significant politicians in the history of Croatia. |
