Against the backdrop of contemporary age agriculture has transformed into industrial production whose principal objective is maximum exploitation of land, resulting in the depletion of non-renewable natural resources, extinction of a vast array of animal and plant species, as well as rural estates. Application of mechanisation on the one hand and the use of chemical substances during conventional production resulted in contamination and devastation of the natural environment. On the other hand, genetically modified food implies considerable suspicion concerning the possible harmful effects upon human health. Conventional agriculture is the largest polluter of environment, air and drinking water and hence ecological agriculture is currently being fostered both in Croatia and at the global level. The final assignment explores the development of ecological agriculture in Croatia, due to exceptional natural prerequisites of Croatia for the development of ecological agriculture. It is currently insufficiently developed in Croatia, yet the awareness of the requirement for its development has been continuously increasing and hence the number of ecological producers is also on the increase. The operation of Cuj olive oil factory owned by the Umag-based Leoni Export-Import d.o.o. is provided in this final assignment as an example of ecological production in Croatia. The Istrian olive oil producers primarily focus on ecological awareness, higher incentives and sale of ecological products on the eco-market. Once these features are linked with the fact that ecological agriculture implies an integral relationship with the environment, plants, animals, the atmosphere and humans, it becomes evident that ecological production in Croatia is of fundamental importance for life.