Cytological examination was performed on 63 canine cases from the archives of the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Zagreb. They were collected between January 1, 2013. and March 1, 2020. It was diagnosed 21 melanocytic tumors. This number includes 18 melanomas (10 oral and 8 cutaneous) and 3 melanocytomas. The average age of dogs with melanocytic tumors was 9.62 years. Of the total samples, 81% were males and 19% were females. Melanomas were most commonly diagnosed in crossbreeds (n=8), rottweilers (n=2), and beagles (n=2). Cytological examination revealed suspicious melanocytic neoplasia in 52 cases, while melanoma was diagnosed in 11 cases. Pathohistological examinations was performed on 22 canine cases. After the pathohistological examination had been performed, in 13 cases were determined as melanocytic tumor. This number includes 10 melanomas and 3 melanocytomas. There was determined 9 cases that are not a melanocytic tumor. Also, in 3 cases, melanoma was diagnosed by cytological examination and the accuracy of the diagnosis was additionally confirmed. Of the 63 total cases, in 33 cases the final diagnose was unknown. This number includes cytological suspicion of melanocyte neoplasia and pathohistological examination that wasn’t performed. The total number of diagnosed melanocytic neoplasms is 21. The study identified the importance of cytological diagnostics as an orientation method in clinical treatment. Multidisciplinary approach with the help of cytological and pathohistological diagnostics is crucial for making a final diagnosis in veterinary medicine. The aggressive behavior of malignant melanocytic neoplasia in dogs and humans, with short survival times and minimal clinical outcome results after surgery and adjuvant therapy, underscores the importance of new studies to find an effective diagnosis leading to proper treatment.