The most common cause of urinary incontinence in bitches is castration. The exact mechanism of the origin and the correlation with the estrogen and testosterone ratio have not yet been completely explained. Numerous studies indicate the interrelation of urinary incontinence and the age of the animal at the moment of castration. The results of these studies differ, but there is a general belief that the risk of urinary incontinence in bitches is higher if the animals are castrated before three months of age. In ovariectomy the age of the animal will not affect the development of urinary incontinence provided the body weight of the adult animal does not exceed 15 kilograms. In smaller dog breeds the risk of developing urinary incontinence is lower and this risk does not seem to correlate with the age when castration is performed. In bigger dog breeds where the expected adult body weight exceeds 15 kilograms the risk of urinary incontinence is higher. The causes of urinary incontinence can be classified as neurological and non-neurological. Urinary incontinence is easy to diagnose, but determining its exact cause requires extensive diagnostics. The primary method of treatment is through medication in which α-agonists play a major role. In cases where medication therapy fails interventional and surgical methods are used.