This paper defines a military organization as a structure that provides security in its national territory against foreign threats and fulfills the contemporary tasks of maintaining peace in foreign operations in an international environment. Examples of the French armed forces systematically depict the course of transformation of military organizations from the mass army concept into a compact postmodern military organization that can flexibly respond to a wide range of threats. The mass military organization was first developed in France based on the formation of a national identity and the struggle for maintaining the achievements of the French revolution. It includes the participation of the whole society in the war. Men between the ages of 18 and 25 carry weapons, the elderly, and women work in production to ensure everything they need to successfully wage a total war. With changes in security threats and the development of technology, the concept of a mass army becomes obsolete and so the professional military organization emerges and can achieve better results even with fewer workforce.