| Abstract | Pojam pravilne prehrane ne podrazumijeva stroge okvire zabrana i isključivanja odreĎene hrane u svakodnevnoj rutini. Zapravo, zdrava i nezdrava hrana ne postoje. Ključ zdravlja leţi u uravnoteţenosti i raznovrsnosti kao pravilnom načinu prehrane. To su i neka od načela koja zastupaju piramidu pravilne prehrane. Zdrava ili pravilna prehrana je prehrana koja tijelu osigurava optimalan energetski unos uz optimalan omjer bjelančevina, ugljohidrata, masti, vitamina, minerala i tekućine, kako bi se osigurale potrebe organizma. S ciljem edukacije javnosti, kreirane su prehrambene smjernice koje saţimaju zaključke dostignuća iz znanosti o prehrani, i to tako da ih u obliku preporuka lako moţe prihvatiti i primijeniti šira javnost. Prehrambene smjernice često se, radi lakše interpretacije, grafički prikazuju piramidom prehrane s posebno naznačenim pojedinim grupama namirnica. Prema većini autora, sve namjernice koje ljudi konzumiraju se svrstavaju u šest glavnih skupina hrane. Bazu piramide čine ţitarice, zatim voće i povrće, treću stepenicu čine mlijeko i mliječni proizvodi, zatim ide meso, riba i jaja, te na samom vrhu piramide masti, ulja i slatkiši.Uz osnovni oblik piramide pravilne prehrane smišljene su piramide pravilnog načina prehrane zasnovane na tradicionalnim, zemljopisno definiranim načinima prehrane populacija koje prema znanstvenim i epidemiološkim studijama imaju vrlo mali broj oboljenja. U našem podneblju je interesantan mediteranski model pravilne prehrane koji obuhvaća tipične namjernice mediteranske regije kao što su maslinovo ulje, crno vino, morska riba i sl. Ostale specifičnosti mediteranske prehrane su obraĎene u nastavku rada, uz još tri glavne zemljopisno definirane piramide tradicionalnih načina prehrane a to su vegetarijanska, azijska te latino-američka. |
| Abstract (english) | The term healty nutrition does not imply strict prohibition and exclusion of specific foods in the everyday diet. Actually healthy and unhealthy food does not exist. The key to health lies in the balance and the diversity of daily nutrition. Those are the principles of healthy nutrition. The healthy or proper nutrition is a nutrition that ensures the optimal in take of calories, vitamins, minerals, liquids and optimal ratio of proteins, carbohydrates and fats.That is away of ensuring all building energetic and protective substances that the body needs. With a goal of educating the public the nutrition guidelines were created in a ways of recommendations that are easily accepted and applied to the general public. The nutrition guidelines are often, for easyer interpretation, graphically show as nutrition pyramids with specifically food groups. According to most authors all of the foodstuffs are placed in to six main food groups. The base of the pyramid consists of cereals, the next level contains fruits and vegetables. The third step is meat, fish and eggs, while on the top of the pyiramid are fats oils and candy.A long this basic pyramid of healty diet, pyramids based on traditionally and geographically defined diets were designed. Those diets have by scientific and epidemilogical studies a very small number of deseases. In our region the mediterranean model of healthy diet, that includes tipical mediterranean foods like olive oil, red wine sea fish and the like, is interesting. Other spacifics of mediterranean diet are detailed further on along with three ore main geographically defined pyramids of traditional diets which are vegetarian, asian and latino american. |
