The aim of the paper is to examine recognition of Ukrainian-Croatian false friends among bachelor students of Ukrainian language and literature, and to see whether they are aware of the interference of the Croatian language in Ukrainian language acquisition. The sample in investigating cross-linguistic awareness of Croatian and Ukrainian consisted of sixteen students of Ukrainian language and literature at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the University of Zagreb. The theoretical part defines the term false friends, shows the classification of false friends and describes the cause of their occurrence. Afterwards, the features of Ukrainian language acquisition are explained, as well as the processes in foreign language learning and acquisition. Furthermore, the role of false friends in foreign language learning is defined, and the position of lexis is given in describing the hypotheses of contrastive analysis and error analysis. At the end, the difficulties in the acquisition of false friends, and some approaches of learning and teaching false friends in the Ukrainian language are given. The study presents the results of data analysis in examining false friends in learning Ukrainian by third and fourth year bachelor students of Ukrainian language and literature. The results have shown that students are aware of Ukrainian-Croatian false friends, and they are to a certain extent aware of the similarity between Croatian and Ukrainian