In developed countries, accidents (most often traffic accidents with child victims as pedestrians or passengers) and injuries are the leading cause of death in the pediatric population. Polytrauma is much more than a number of injuries- it is a systematic condition marked with releasing numerous mediators of infection which can cause multiple organ failure. In order to prevent the development of this condition, the child must be stabilized and taken care of as soon as possible, and all treatment must be carried out sensibly so as not to lose precious time. In doing so, one should have in mind that children have a more unique anatomy and physiology which sets them apart from adults, and that the dosage of medicine and liquids should be carefully measured according to the child’s body weight. Treating the child begins on-site and continues in the hospital, where he or she should be transported as soon as possible and where a multidisciplinary team led by an anesthesiologist and a surgeon will take over the child’s treatment. The anesthesiologist has multiple roles in treating a child with multiple injuries. Firstly, he or she must carry out an initial assessment of vital signs using the ABCDE approach and treat all injuries which directly threaten the child’s life. This is followed by a complete physical examination and the evaluation of all injuries, preparing the needed samples for the laboratory and imaging, during which the anesthesiologist must monitor or even sedate the child if necessary. Besides that, the anesthesiologist must induce and maintain anesthesia and monitor the child during emergency, as well as secondary surgery. At the same time, the anesthesiologist continues with stabilizing and monitoring the child’s condition and takes care of analgesia during the child’s stay at the intensive care unit.