This paper’s objective is to summarize current knowledge about the incidence, classification, and optimal treatment methods of diaphyseal forearm fractures. About 10-14% of all bone fractures are fractures of the forearm shaft. A direct blow or a fall onto the outstreched or pronated wrist results with a radial shaft fracture or a fracture of both bones, ulna and radius. Isolated fractures of the mid-shaft of the ulna usually ensue when a person tries to ward off a blow from a heavy object. Acute fracture manifests with moderate to severe pain, swelling and impairment of function, and sometimes with deformity, if fracture is displaced. After x-rays (at least two projections), if a vascular injury is suspected, Doppler ultrasound is often used to assess for vascular injury prior to angiography. The AO classification describes fractures of the radius and ulna by groups and subgroups. According to this classification, diaphyseal forearm fractures can be simple, wedge, or complex, and each of these types can be divided into fractures of the radius, ulna, or of both bones. Fractures of the forearm present unique management problem, since in these particular diaphyseal fractures, anatomical reduction and skeletal stability with mobility of the extremity is crucial for excellent functional end results. Anatomical reduction and stable internal fixation with plates and screws will reduce pain and enable early rehabilitation, without the use of external casts.