Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children and the second most common group of childhood cancers. Brain tumors remain the leading cause of cancer deaths and have the highest morbidity in pediatric oncology patients. They include a heterogeneous group of diseases with different origin, histological type, clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis. Many symptoms of a brain tumor are caused by an increased intracranial pressure. The most common symptoms are headache, nausea, vomiting, seizures, visual changes, and ataxia. In the first few years of life, other symptoms of tumors can include irritability, loss of appetite, developmental delay, and a drop in intellectual and physical abilities. In the school-aged child, other general symptoms of tumors can include poor school performance, fatigue, and personality changes. The different types of brain tumors include astrocytomas, brain stem gliomas, ependymomas, optic nerve gliomas, medulloblastomas, craniopharyngiomas. Diagnostic procedures for a brain tumor may include physical exam, neurological exam, CT, MRI, PET, angiogram and lumbar puncture. The treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. It depends on the size and type of tumor and the child’s general health. The goals of treatment may be to cure the tumor or to relieve symptoms. Surgery is needed for most primary brain tumors. Some tumors may be completely removed. In cases where the tumor cannot be removed, surgery may help reduce intracranial pressure and relieve symptoms. Chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be used for certain tumors. The prognosis is based upon many factors, including the type of tumor, its location and grade, the speed of growth, and treatment options.