Musculoskeletal disorders are more common in the population of dentists and cause long periods of inability to work, and the treatment is often necessary. Due to the impossibility of changing the work modes those diseases pose a major problem, both of health and economy. The main cause of the occurrence of disease of the locomotor system among dentists is located in the very nature of their work. The dentists are working in a relatively small and cramped space of the oral cavity and their work is accurate, and in particular procedures great powers must be used(e.g., tooth extraction). Repetitive actions in a small space combined with a long and unusual posture of the body are the most important factors for diseases of the locomotor system. The prevalence of diseases of the locomotor system among dentists is 36%-72%. According to localization, musculoskeletal diseases usually occur in the neck (59% -77.6%), upper back (55.6% -57.1%), lower back (44.4% -72.01%) hip (23%), hand and wrist (15% - 73.17%) and feet and elbows (15% -16% for both localization). It has been shown that musculoskeletal disorders among dentists can be prevented by proper positioning of both the patient and the dentist, good organization of work, good general health of the dentist, education about proper work mode, ergonomic interventions in terms of adapting instruments and equipment for work and exercises designed to reduce the impact of risk factor for the occurrence of diseases of the musculoskeletal system.