Majčino mlijeko sadrži nekoliko tisuća bakterijskih vrsta u koncentracijama od približno 1000 CFU mL-1. Procjenjuje se da dojenče koje konzumira oko 800 mL majčinog mlijeka dnevno unese oko 105-107 komensalnih bakterija, zbog čega postoji sličnost u sastavu mikrobiote majčinog mlijeka s mikrobiotom crijeva djeteta. U ovom radu provedeno je identificiranje mikrobiote majčinog mlijeka sa po 3 uzorka mlijeka svake majke uzetih u različito vrijeme nakon poroda i fecesa dojenčadi sa 3 uzorka uzetih isti dan kao i uzorci mlijeka. Nakon izolacije DNA iz uzoraka majčinog mlijeka i fecesa dojenčadi, uzorci DNA su sekvencionirani te analizirani pomoću QIIME programa za analizu mikrobioma. Nakon utvrđivanja taksonomskih jedinica u uzorcima, određena je i alfa raznolikost. Dobivenim rezultatima utvrđena je korelacija sastava mikrobioma majčinog mlijeka s neonatalnim mikrobiomom dojenčeta. Najprisutnije bakterije u uzorcima fecesa dojenčadi su iz koljena Actinobacteria, Firmicutes i Proteobacteria, dok u uzorcima majčinog mlijeka prevladavaju bakterije iz roda Firmicutes.

Breast milk contains several hundred bacterial species at concentrations of aproximately 1000 CFU mL-1. It is estimated that infants who consume about 800 mL of mother's milk daily, ingest 105-107 commensal bacteria, which explains a similarity in the composition of human milk microbiota with infants intestinal microbiota. In this Bachelor thesis, the identification of human milk microbiota with 3 samples of milk from each mother sampled at different times after delivery and 3 samples of infants feces taken the same day as milk samples, was performed. After DNA isolation, DNA samples were sequenced and analyzed using QIIME program for microbiome analyses. After determing the taxonomy units in the samples, alpha diversity was also determined. With given results, correlation between breast milk microbiome and neonatal intestinal microbiome was concluded. Infants feces samples are dominated by the phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, while breast milk samples are dominated by Firmicutes.