Rett syndrome (RTT/RS) is a rare genetic disorder that mainly affects girls and is characterized by developmental difficulties, neurological symptoms, and orthopedic complications. The etiology of RTT is associated with mutations in the MECP2 gene on the X chromosome, often occurring spontaneously, although it can be inherited from the mother in some cases. Epidemiological data indicate an incidence of RTT of approximately 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 15,000 girls, making it a rare but significant medical challenge. The clinical picture of RTT is characterized by progressive loss of acquired skills, movement disorders, autism, epileptic seizures, communication difficulties, and muscle dysfunction. The diagnosis of RTT is based on clinical criteria, including normal development in the first year of life, gradual loss of acquired skills, stereotypical hand movements, developmental stagnation, and the presence of a mutation in the MECP2 gene. Treatment of RTT focuses on symptomatic therapy and support, as there is no specific cure for this syndrome. Drug therapy can be used to control symptoms such as epileptic seizures, sleep disorders, and anxiety. However, a multidisciplinary approach is crucial in managing RTT, including physical therapy, speech therapy, sensory integration therapy, and occupational therapy. Physical therapy plays an important role in maintaining functionality and improving the quality of life for children with RTT. The goals of physical therapy include maintaining or improving mobility, strengthening muscles, preventing contractions and deformities, as well as improving balance and coordination. Therapeutic exercises tailored to the individual needs of the child can help maintain functionality and reduce the risk of orthopedic complications such as scoliosis, coxa vara, and muscle contractions.