Beside an addition to being a challenge for medical professionals in diagnosis and treatment, painful shoulder syndrome has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients, limiting them in performing daily activities, work and participation in recreational and sports activities. Therefore, it is important to investigate the various aspects of this syndrome to ensure the best possible care for patients. In this paper, we will also explore the various diseases collectively known as painful shoulder syndrome including anatomical, biomechanical features, dislocations, injuries, as well as treatment. Understanding the anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder joint is essential for the prevention of painful shoulder syndrome and for the development of targeted treatment strategies. It is important to emphasize the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in the management of painful shoulder syndrome, which includes collaboration between orthopedists, physiotherapists, rheumatologists, radiologists and other health professionals. This holistic approach ensures the best possible results for patients, tailored to their individual needs and characteristics. Through this seminar paper, we hope to provide insight into the complexity of shoulder pain syndrome, highlight the latest knowledge and therapeutic options, and encourage further research to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this common but demanding medical problem.