Colorectal cancer ranks as the third most prevalent malignancy globally. However, it is on of the rare tumors whose occurance can be prevented in time. Colon cancer can originate in the beginning section of the small intestine (lat. caecum), the primary section of the large intestine (lat. colon), or the lower section of the large intestine (lat. rectum). The disease typically develops slowly and is clinically indicated by symptoms of intestinal dysfunction, such as constipation, diarrhea, and changes in stool consistency. Other signs include the presence of blood and/or mucus in the stool, along with general weakness, weight loss, and anemia. In order to reduce morbidity and mortality from colorectal cancer, it is necessary to develop effective primary and secondary prevention measures. The goal of screening is to reduce the incidence of the disease in the general population by detecting cancer in an early, latent phase, which enables more successful treatment. New findings in diagnostics and endoscopy enable faster and safer diagnosis. Surgery is the fundamental approach to treatment, enhanced by continuous technological advancements, while new and more effective forms of chemotherapy and radiotherapy also contribute significantly as supportive therapies. Colorectal cancer arises as a result of various histological and molecular changes resulting from a complex interaction between genetic susceptibility and external influences. Assessment of the stage of spread is essential for predicting the possibility of treatment and the duration of survival. The prognosis of the disease is largely influenced by how advanced it is at the time of diagnosis and the prompt start of treatment. As a result, preventive screenings and tests for the early detection of colon cancer are crucial, particularly for at-risk groups such as older individuals, those with polyps, or those with a family history of the disease.The diagnosis is most often made during an endoscopic or radiological examination of symptomatic patients or those included in early detection and/or monitoring programs. Surgery results in five-year survival in 80% - 90% of cases in I. and II. stage of the disease, but only 40% - 60% in III. stage.