Economics is a science that examines how individuals and firms manage scarce resources. Available resources are limited, whether renewable or non-renewable, ubiquitous or rare. These characteristics suggest resources that people are not able to produce all of which tend to either want or spend. Therefore, it is necessary to choose which limited resources will be used, for what purpose and when. These are problems that deal with individuals, as well as all societies and economies worldwide. Depending on the methods by which different economic systems are used, a distinction is usually, com-mand, market and mixed economy. Microeconomic objectives are economic efficiency, fair distribution and economic freedom. While the macro-economic are growth, full employment and price stability. What should be the role of the state in the economy? Depending on the socio-cultural, political, philosophi-cal or moral dilemmas, schools of thought in classical liberalism offered dif-ferent opinions and views on the desirable role of the state in the economy. Of all the complex systems that are an integral part of each country's health must be the most sensitive and controversial. In order to analyze and define the health systems we have put them in the proper socio-cultural and politi-cal-historical context. Some of the factors that we have to consider are eco-nomic framework, demographic trends, epidemiological trends, social context and the state organization. After the analysis we conclude that the applied economic model strongly influences the results of the performance of the health system, but it should take into account that each country has a differ-ent starting position and to act in a different context. Therefore, the recom-mendations for each country may vary from case to case. However, taking into account the requirement that every citizen is guaranteed the right to be treated in case of illness and that both patients and providers in health care are aware of the associated costs, we conclude that it is absolutely neces-sary to have competitiveness among insurers on one side and between health care providers on other side in order to create conditions of sustaina-ble fiscal policy, which is a prerequisite for successful both the national econ-omy and the national health system.