There are several soil maintenance systems in the olive grove, such as permanent or occasional mechanical processing, as well as grassing of a part or whole surface of the plantation. Grassing in the olive grove is one of the measures for preserving the water and increasing the content of organic matter in the soil. In addition, this procedure reduces soil compaction and prevents significant soil temperature changes. The grass cover is beneficial for the conservation of biological diversity and the number of soil-dwelling arthropods. The research was conducted in an olive grove in Podstrana, Split-Dalmatia County. The represented varieties of olives are Oblica and Levantinka. The olive grove was divided into three parts, each with different mowing height (mowed to the ground level, mowed at the height of 10 and 15 cm). Sampling was carried from the beginning of May to the beginning of September 2019. Sampling of the fauna was carried out using pitfall traps. The samples were taken every 15 days. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the grass-cutting height on the assemblage and abundance of soil-dwelling arthropods, with the purpose of preserving their population in the grass-covered olive grove. In total, 1 490 specimens from 5 classes, 10 orders and 12 families were collected. The most numerous orders were Isopoda, with 1,006 specimens (67.5%), followed by Araneae, with 137 specimens (9.19%), Hymenoptera, with 110 specimens (7.38%), and Blattodea, with 102 specimens (6.84%). The smallest number of specimens was found on the part of the olive grove mowed to the ground level while the largest number was found on the part mowed at the height of 15 cm The analysis results revealed that the vegetation in the olive grove has a positive effect on the number and diversity of the fauna of soil-dwelling arthropods.