In this thesis, the issues of disruptive technologies in the context of modern libraries are explored. Disruptive innovations and technologies are analyzed within the context of certain economic, philosophical, and sociological theories. The thesis begins with an introduction to the epistemology of technology, distinguishing between know-how and know-that, as well as the concepts of techne and episteme, providing an overview of traditional epistemology of technology. The explanation of technology serves as a foundation for explaining disruption. Theories of disruptive innovation provide insights into the laws of disruption, viewing it from both the supply and demand sides, and warn of potential risks associated with disruptive occurrences. Consideration of the social aspect of technology leads the discussion to the relationship between humans and technology and the potential for technology to serve human needs. Additionally, a shift in epistemological perspective is emphasized. Following this, the insights are applied to the field of librarianship. The modern role of libraries is considered, along with potentially disruptive technologies, highlighting projects that enable the sustainable development of libraries.