Nowadays, more and more emphasis is being placed on raising awareness of environmental protection and finding new materials that can help reduce pollution. One of the main causes of environmental pollution is conventional plastic, which is not biodegradable and therefore has a negative impact on people's quality of life. The pollution caused by the accumulation of plastics has reached alarming levels, and there is an increasing need to solve the problems that have arisen. In the search for new materials that do not produce waste when they decompose, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) show great potential. PHA belongs to the group of microbial polyesters synthesized by microorganisms. Research focused on environmental assessment has shown that PHAs are potential candidates that would contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and waste generation, as well as to the development of numerous innovations in the field of biotechnology, medicine and industry in general. In this way, most countries' sustainable development policy is promoted today. The biodegradability and biocompatibility make this type of material a sustainable solution. The main obstacle to the globalization of PHA production is the production cost and the weak physical properties of PHA. For the above reasons, research on the production process of this kind of polyester needs to be promoted to achieve the economic efficiency of the production process. Research should focus on developing and improving PHA's physical and mechanical properties to make the material competitive with conventional plastics. In this study, the properties of the biodegradable polymers PHA, thermoplastic starch (TPS), polylactide (PLA), and polycaprolactone (PCL) and their polymer blends with PHA were investigated. The materials' thermal, mechanical and surface properties, as well as the changes in chemical composition, were investigated to better understand their application in the context of environmentally friendly polymer materials.