Title PRETILOST KOD DJECE
Title (english) OBESITY IN CHILDREN
Author Matea Jambrek
Mentor Marija Bukvić (mentor)
Committee member Radoslav Kosić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Mirjana Manojlović (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Marija Bukvić (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Rijeka Faculty of Health Studies (Department of Midwifery) Rijeka
Defense date and country 2018-07-11, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences Nursing
Abstract Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija pretilost definira kao bolest kod koje se višak masnog tkiva nakuplja u tolikoj mjeri da ugroţava zdravlje. Kako bi se uvidjela ozbiljnost pretilosti kao javnozdravstvenog problema postoje epidemiološki podaci koji pokazuju kako je u Europskoj Uniji svaki treći jedanaestogodišnjak ima prekomjernu tjelesnu masu ili je pretio. Za Republiku Hrvatsku postoje podaci iz 2016. godine koji govore kako 33% djeĉaka i 20% djevojĉica ima prekomjernu tjelesnu masu ili pretilost.
Postoji zakljuĉak kako je pretilost uzrokovana nesrazmjerom izmeĊu porasta unosa i redukcije potrošnje energije. Uzroĉne ĉimbenike pretilosti dijelimo na genetske ĉimbenike koji imaju utjecaj na razvoj pretilosti 40-70% i okolišne ĉimbenike koji obuhvaćaju kulturo-socio-ekonomske ĉimbenike.
Prema uzroĉnoj klasifikaciji pretilost dijelimo na primarnu koja obuhvaća 97% svih pretilosti u djece te je okarakterizirana porastom mase masnog tkiva i sekundarnu gdje je prekomjerna debljina sporedni simptom uzrokovan posredstvom neke druge bolesti te zauzima 3% svih pretilosti.
Pri dijagnosticiranju pretilosti kod djece koriste se sljedeće metode: mjerenje tjelesne teţine, visine, opsega struka ili opsega struka i kukova, mjerenje koţnog nabora i raĉunanje indeksa tjelesne mase.
Posljedice ili komplikacije pretilosti kod djece dijelimo u dvije grupe jednako vaţne: fiziĉke (tjelesne) i psihosocijalne posljedice. Najĉešće tjelesne posljedice su dijabetes melitus tip 2, povišeni nalazi kolesterola, apneja tijekom spavanja i druge, dok najĉešće psihosocijalne posljedice su nisko samopouzdanje, socijalna izolacija, opsjednutost tjelesnom teţinom, poremećaji raspoloţenja i sliĉno.
Najjednostavnija metoda od koje sve polazi je promjena stila ţivljenja, to jest promjena prehrane i prehrambenih navika te povećanje fiziĉke aktivnosti. Moderne metode obuhvaćaju medikamentoznu terapiju te kirurško lijeĉenje. Sve ove metode lijeĉenja imaju isti cilj postavljen individualnim pristupom djetetu, a to je postizanje dugoroĉne optimalne tjelesne teţine kod djece. Epidemiološki podaci koji ukazuju na povećanu incidenciju pretilosti kod djece te posljedice koje izaziva ova bolest su dokaz koliko je neophodna prevencija pretilosti. Uspješna prevencija se provodi na pojedincu, u ovom sluĉaju pretilom djetetu, njegovoj obitelji, ali i sveukupnoj populaciji onoj zdravoj i onoj kod koje postoji povećani rizik za nastanak pretilosti. Prevencija se dijeli na primarnu, sekundarnu i tercijarnu.
Ciljevi istraţivaĉkog rada na temu: »Pretilost kod djece« jest provjeriti steĉeno znanje studenata o pretilosti kod djece te ispitati njihovo mišljenje u vezi navedene teme. U skladu s ciljem istraţivanja postavljene su tri hipoteze: 1. Studenti treće godine imaju najviše znanja o pretilosti kod djece usporeĊujući ih sa studentima prve i druge godine. 2. Više od 60% studenata smatra kako današnji roditelji nisu svjesni prekomjerne tjelesne teţine svoje djece. 3. Više od 50% studenata smatra kako se primarna prevencija u Republici Hrvatskoj provodi ako malo, neznatno i nedovoljno.
Istraţivanje je provedeno na Fakultetu zdravstvenih studija Sveuĉilišta u Rijeci. Ispitanici su bili redovni studenti prve, druge i treće godine na preddiplomskom studiju sestrinstva. Metoda ispitivanja studenata je anonimni anketni upitnik pod nazivom „Anketa o znanju i mišljenju studenata o pretilosti kod djece“. Anketa se sastoji od 16 pitanja te svi podaci dobiveni ovim ispitivanjem ostaju anonimni te koriste se iskljuĉivo u svrhu izrade ovog završnog rada.
Abstract (english) World Health Organization defines obesity as a disease in which excess fat tissue accumulates to such an extent that it endangers health. To see the severity of obesity as a public health problem there are epidemiological data that show that in the European Union every third eleven year old has excessive body mass or is overweight. For the Republic of Croatia there are data from 2016 that say that 33% of boys and 20% of girls have excessive body mass or obesity. There is a conclusion that obesity is caused by a disproportion between the increase in intake and the reduction in energy consumption. Obesity factors of obesity are divided into genetic factors that affect the development of obesity 40-70% and the environmental factors which include the culturo-socio-economic factors. According to the causal classification, obesity is divided into the primary, which accounts for 97% of all obesity in children and is characterized by the increase in fat mass and secondary classification where excessive thickness is a secondary symptom caused by another disease and takes up to 3% of all obesity. In diagnosing obesity in children, the following methods are used: measuring body weight, height, waist circumference or waist circumference and hips, measuring skin folds and calculating body mass index. The consequences or complications of obesity in children are divided into two groups equally important: physical (physical) and psychosocial consequences. The most common physical consequences are diabetes mellitus type 2, elevated cholesterol levels, sleep apnea and others, while the most common psychosocial consequences are low self-confidence, social isolation, bodyweight, mood disorders, and the like. The simplest method from which all starts is a change of lifestyle, that are changes in diet and nutritional habits and increased physical activity. Modern methods include medication therapy and surgical treatment. All of these methods of treatment have the same goal set for individual access to the baby, which is to achieve long-term optimal body weight in children.
Epidemiological data suggesting an increased incidence of obesity in children and the consequences of this disease are evidence of the necessity of obesity prevention. Successful prevention is carried out on an individual, in this case a obese child, his /her family, but also the overall population of the healthy and the one where there is an increased risk of obesity. Prevention is divided into primary, secundary and tertiary.
The objectives of the research work on »Obesity in Children« is to check the student's knowledge of obesity in children and examine their views on the subject. For the purpose of the research three hypothetical hypotheses have been devised: 1. Third year students have the highest knowledge of obesity in children by comparing them with the students of the first and second year. 2. More than 60% of students believe that today's parents are unaware of the excessive weight of their children. 3. More than 50% of students consider that primary prevention in the Republic of Croatia is being implemented very small, slightly and insufficient.
The research was conducted at the Faculty of Health Sciences University of Rijeka. The respondents were regular students of the first, second and third year undergraduate study of nursing. The student questionnaire method is an anonymous questionnaire survey titled „Survey on knowledge and student opinion on obesity in children“. The survey consists of 16 questions and all the information obtained through this survey remains anonymous and are used exclusively for the purpose of this final work.
Keywords
pretilost
djeca
klasifikacija
prevencija
studenti
Keywords (english)
obesity
children
classification
prevention
students
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:184:173520
Study programme Title: Professional study of nursing (Biomedicine and Healthcare; clinical medical sciences) Study programme type: professional Study level: undergraduate Academic / professional title: stručni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/ baccalaurea) sestrinstva (stručni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/ baccalaurea) sestrinstva)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
Terms of use
Repository Repository of the University of Rijeka, Faculty of Health Studies
Created on 2018-11-07 10:27:22