The aim of the diploma thesis is to indicate problems present in chronically ill children with heart defects. It is a scientific review in which I would like to point out the importance of this special population and cover all the aspects of their chronic illness. Congenital heart malformations are the most difficult anomalities of ones body system and the most frequent cause of death in perinatal and early neonatal age. They can appear individually as isolated malformations or accompanied with other extracardial anomalies (1). They are also the most common malformations marked by transition into a chronic disease. Therefore, today a public health entity known as adults with congenital heart disease has been established. Pediatric cardiology, like all branches of medicine, is constantly advancing and obtaining new scientific knowledge and represents the first step in the management of this pathology. The optimal assessment is associated with early indication for fetal echocardiography, the most important procedure, and establishment of an accurate diagnosis that leads to on-time intervention. Just like in every chronic illness, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary. Children with CHD are exposed to numerous operations, interventional procedures, frequent check-ups, and hospitalizations. Congenital heart malformations are most commonly classified by Clark’s categorization, which is based on the assumption that merely a few developing mechanisms cause a wide spectrum of phenotypic forms of defects (2). The clinical presentation and complications are not the same for all congenital heart defects. Continuity of care in childhood, as well as in adulthood, plays the most important role in reducing complications and mortality of patients with CHD. It is important to emphasize the essential role of the patient’s family in overcoming all the obstacles and coping with the difficulties that come with this chronic illness.