Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacteria associated with a number of diseases, including gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer and MALT lymphoma. More than 4 billion people in the world suffer from Helicobacter pylori infection, most of them in developing countries, while the prevalence of the infection is much lower in highly developed countries. The infection is diagnosed by a number of tests, both invasive and non-invasive. The so called “test and treat“ strategy is recommended in young patients. When patients display alarm symptoms and in older patients “endoscope and treat“ is the preferred strategy. “Maastricht V“ guidelines recommend the standard triple therapy of PPI, amoxicillin and clarithromycin for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in countries where clarithromycin resistance is lower than 15%. In countries with high clarithromycin resistance (>15%), like Croatia, and most of European countries, bismuth-containing quadruple therapy is recommended. The growing problem of antibiotic resistance led to a search for an alternative treatment of this infection. The efficacy of adding probiotics in therapy regiments and therapeutic properties of plants traditionally used in treatments of digestive problems is being studied. There are high hopes in the medical community for a development of an adequate vaccine that could prevent the infection. The greatest need for the vaccine is in least developed countries and in developing countries where more than 40% of children are infected with Helicobacter pylori before the age of 5. So far, one vaccine successfully completed the third phase of clinical trial, however no vaccines have yet been approved for use.