OBJECTIVES: The aim of this thesis was to systematize the previous research and the latest knowledge in development of biocompatible and biodegradable lipid-based nanosystems for advanced (trans)dermal drug delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research within this specialist thesis was of a theoretical nature and included a detailed review of available recent scientific literature (last 5 years) in the field of development of lipid therapeutic nanosystems for (trans)dermal application of drugs. Bibliographic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus were searched, using keywords related to the research topic. RESULTS: Lipid-based nanosystems have been widely investigated for the treatment of numerous skin diseases, in antimicrobial therapy, photodynamic therapy of precancerous formations, dermal delivery of antitumor drugs, immunosuppressants, treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and wound healing. In addition, they were investigated for transdermal delivery of hormones (insulin), vaccines, antihypertensives, antilipemics, drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis, gout and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies have proven better tolerability and greater success of lipid-based nanosystems in the treatment of numerous diseases. CONCLUSION: The use of lipid-based nanoformulations that can increase the poor bioavailability of the drug and enable its controlled delivery to the diseased area, while reducing unwanted side effects and irritations, would significantly improve the existing therapy and the quality of patients’ life. Numerous studies have proven the great potential of lipid-based nanosystems in the treatment of many diseases, greater efficiency and reduction of side effects compared to conventional therapy, and a certain number of products based on lipid-based nanosystems are also commercially available.