This paper analyzes loans as key financial instruments in the modern economy, with a particular emphasis on their main characteristics, including loan agreements, interest calculation, and the differences between loans and credits. Various repayment models for loans are discussed in detail, such as repayment with equal installments, amortization quotas, and agreed annuities. The aim of the paper is to provide an overview of how each repayment model affects the overall cost of the loan and the financial burden on the borrower. The results show that the equal amortization model allows for a faster reduction of the principal, thereby reducing overall interest costs, while the equal installment model ensures uniform repayment and predictable financial obligations. The paper offers practical guidelines for loan users, aiming to optimize costs and facilitate more efficient financial planning, emphasizing the importance of choosing the right repayment model to reduce the overall financial burden.