The biological tooth treatment methods have a goal to preserve the vitality of the teeth. Biological treatment methods are the following: protective base, direct pulp capping, indirect pulp capping, partial and vital pulpotomy, and apexogenesis. Calcium hydroxide preparations have been the material of choice for this type of treatment for many years. With the advancement of technology and science, new and bioactive materials have been discovered and produced. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentin, platelet rich fibrin (PRF method) and plasma rich in growth factor (PRGF method) are some of the most recognized contemporary biomaterials. The action mechanism of the above-mentioned materials enable to stimulate the defensive pulp response, stimulate of odontoblast (often even cementoblast and osteoblast) differentiation, enable the creation of reparative dentine and the further development of the root. Indications for biological tooth treatment and application of the above-mentioned materials are the following: iatrogenic or traumatic dental pulp exposure, partial or completely infected coronary part of the pulp (but with healthy radicular part of the pulp) and teeth with unfinished growth and root development. These materials differ from one another in the complexity of handling, longevity and success of the treatment results, radiopacity and price. Because of these differences, a universal gold-standard material for biological treatment of teeth still does not exist.