Sexually transmitted infections are infectious diseases that are transmitted from infected to a healthy person by sexual contact; still, it can also be transmitted through indirect contact and from mother to child. The infectious agents can be various microorganisms belonging to bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. These are the most important public health challenges. Globally, more than 440 million people suffer from sexually transmitted infections annually, and about 60% of these infections occur in people under 25 years of age. The most common bacterial sexually transmitted infections include chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis. Chlamydia is the most common among them (most notably in adolescents), and it is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. More than 80% of women have no symptoms, which is therefore referred to as “silent inflammation”. Gonorrhoea or clap is a contagious sexually transmitted infection caused by the microorganism Neisseria gonnorhoeae. Men have a 20% chance of getting infected after engaging in a relationship with an infected woman, whereas 50% of women become ill after having a relationship with a man suffering from gonorrhoea. Gonorrhoea can also be transmitted from mother to child at birth. Syphilis is a chronic infectious infection that can affect various tissues and organs, and is caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. Mycoplasma genitalium is a mollicute that can survive well outside and inside the cell; it is a causative agent in 10-35% of cases of urethritis in men, presenting with the symptoms of dysuria and discharge. With the advancement of DNA sequencing technology, knowledge of the vaginal microbiome has advanced as well. Vaginal flora plays an important role in women’s reproductive health, and bacterial vaginosis is defined as a condition in which the balance of this flora is disturbed. It is associated with an increased risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections, which can later cause pelvic inflammatory disease, one of the most serious complications and preterm birth. Due to the possible subsequent complications and consequences, millions of women and men suffering from sexually transmitted infections are hindered from having a happy community, family and/or social role. When it comes to the prevention of sexually transmitted infections, education is paramount, especially among the younger population.